Class 11 Chemistry

1. The branch of science dealing with the interconversion of heat and other forms of energy is called:

• A. Thermodynamics
• B. Electrochemistry
• C. Kinetics
• D. Stoichiometry

2. The part of the universe under study, separated from its surroundings, is called the:

• A. System
• B. Boundary
• C. Surroundings
• D. Universe as a whole

3. Everything outside the system that can exchange energy or matter with it is called the:

• A. Surroundings
• B. System
• C. Boundary only
• D. Universe only

4. A system that can exchange both matter and energy with its surroundings is called a/an:

• A. Open system
• B. Closed system
• C. Isolated system
• D. Adiabatic system

5. A system that can exchange energy but not matter with its surroundings is called a/an:

• A. Closed system
• B. Open system
• C. Isolated system
• D. Adiabatic system only

6. A system that can exchange neither matter nor energy with its surroundings is called a/an:

• A. Isolated system
• B. Open system
• C. Closed system
• D. Adiabatic system only

7. The First Law of Thermodynamics is essentially a statement of the law of conservation of:

• A. Energy
• B. Mass only
• C. Momentum
• D. Charge

8. The mathematical expression of the First Law of Thermodynamics is commonly written as:

• A. ΔU = q + w
• B. ΔU = q - w only
• C. ΔU = qw
• D. ΔU = q/w

9. A process occurring at constant pressure is called:

• A. An isobaric process
• B. An isothermal process
• C. An isochoric process
• D. An adiabatic process

10. A process occurring at constant temperature is called:

• A. An isothermal process
• B. An isobaric process
• C. An isochoric process
• D. An adiabatic process

11. A process occurring at constant volume is called:

• A. An isochoric process
• B. An isobaric process
• C. An isothermal process
• D. An adiabatic process

12. A process in which no heat is exchanged between the system and surroundings is called:

• A. An adiabatic process
• B. An isothermal process
• C. An isobaric process
• D. An isochoric process

13. The heat absorbed or released by a system at constant pressure is called the change in:

• A. Enthalpy
• B. Entropy
• C. Internal energy only
• D. Free energy only

14. A measure of the degree of randomness or disorder of a system is called its:

• A. Entropy
• B. Enthalpy
• C. Internal energy
• D. Free energy

15. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system tends to:

• A. Increase over time
• B. Decrease over time
• C. Remain exactly constant always
• D. Become zero immediately

16. A reaction that releases heat to the surroundings is called:

• A. Exothermic
• B. Endothermic
• C. Isothermal only
• D. Adiabatic only

17. A reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings is called:

• A. Endothermic
• B. Exothermic
• C. Isobaric only
• D. Isochoric only

18. The thermodynamic quantity that combines enthalpy and entropy to predict the spontaneity of a process is called:

• A. Gibbs free energy
• B. Internal energy
• C. Heat capacity
• D. Work done

19. According to Gibbs free energy criteria, a process is spontaneous if the change in free energy (ΔG) is:

• A. Negative
• B. Positive
• C. Zero always
• D. Undefined

20. The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero temperature is:

• A. Zero
• B. Maximum
• C. Infinite
• D. Negative

21. The enthalpy change associated with the formation of one mole of a compound from its elements in their standard states is called the:

• A. Standard enthalpy of formation
• B. Standard enthalpy of combustion
• C. Standard enthalpy of neutralisation
• D. Standard enthalpy of solution

22. Hess's Law states that the total enthalpy change of a reaction is:

• A. Independent of the pathway taken, depending only on initial and final states
• B. Dependent only on the fastest reaction pathway
• C. Always zero regardless of the reaction
• D. Only applicable to gaseous reactions

23. The enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is completely burned in oxygen is called the enthalpy of:

• A. Combustion
• B. Formation
• C. Neutralisation
• D. Solution

24. A function whose value depends only on the current state of the system, not on how that state was reached, is called a:

• A. State function
• B. Path function
• C. Extensive property only
• D. Intensive property only

25. Quantities like heat and work, which depend on the path taken by the system, are called:

• A. Path functions
• B. State functions
• C. Extensive properties only
• D. Conserved quantities

26. Internal energy of a system is classified as a:

• A. State function
• B. Path function
• C. Constant value always
• D. Undefined quantity

27. A spontaneous process is one that occurs:

• A. Naturally, without continuous external intervention
• B. Only with constant external energy input
• C. Never in nature
• D. Only in living systems

28. The relationship between Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy is given by the equation:

• A. ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
• B. ΔG = ΔH + TΔS
• C. ΔG = ΔH × TΔS
• D. ΔG = ΔH / TΔS

29. Work done by a gas during expansion against constant external pressure is calculated as:

• A. w = -PΔV
• B. w = PΔV
• C. w = P/ΔV
• D. w = P + ΔV

30. The branch of thermodynamics known as chemical thermodynamics specifically deals with energy changes occurring during:

• A. Chemical reactions and physical transformations of matter
• B. Only nuclear reactions
• C. Only biological processes
• D. Only mechanical work